1714843129
2024-05-04 10:31:34
2024 年 5 月 4 日、ジョージア州トビリシ (Issuewire.com） – アジア開発銀行（ADB）に対する大胆な姿勢で、NGOフォーラムネットワークと世界中のその同盟者は団結して銀行の政策やプロジェクトに異議を唱え、地域社会、環境、市民空間に対するADBの悪影響を強調しています。 ADBが第57回年次総会を開催する中、CSOはADB内の説明責任と改革が緊急に必要であることを強調している。
ジョージア州で続いている市民空間の抑圧は、ADBの行動に対する広範な批判の痛ましい背景となっている。 キルギスタン、タジキスタン、ウズベキスタンなどの国々では市民社会をターゲットにした抑圧的な法律があり、モンゴル、ベトナム、インド、バングラデシュでは市民社会のスペースが縮小している中、ADBの役割を無視することはできません。
CSOはADBに対し、国際的に合意された人権、労働、環境に関する協定に根ざした環境社会保全（ESF）の最高基準を維持することを要求している。 ただし、2023 年 10 月にリリースされたドラフト ESF はこれらの基準を満たしていません。
ESF の協議プロセスにおける透明性と説明責任の欠如は、深刻な懸念を引き起こします。 2 年間の取り組みにもかかわらず、CSO は自分たちの意見がどのようにポリシー草案に組み込まれたのかを見ていません。 ESFが「害を与えない」という約束を怠ったことは、環境と社会の保護に対するADBの怠慢を浮き彫りにしている。
さらに、ESFの曖昧な文言や、環境影響評価や社会影響評価などの重要なプロセスの省略は、プロジェクト関連の危害への対処におけるESFの有効性について警鐘を鳴らしている。 CSOはESF草案を拒否し、拘束力のある要件を伴う即時見直しを要求している。
ADB の石炭および化石ガスプロジェクトへの支援は、ADB の気候変動への取り組みに矛盾しています。 エネルギー移行メカニズム（ETM）は、石炭プロジェクトの廃止を確実にすることも、他の有害な事業への再利用を防ぐこともできません。 CSOは化石燃料支援の段階的廃止におけるADBの無策を非難し、石炭融資を可能にする抜け穴をふさぐよう求めている。
さらに、ADBは人権、労働者の権利、ジェンダーへの配慮を無視しているため、その信頼性はさらに損なわれている。 CSO は、世界的な枠組みと原則に合わせて、人権に基づくアプローチを ESF に統合することを要求しています。
ADB が保障措置の検討プロセスを実施する中、CSO は借り手と民間部門に責任を負わせるメカニズムを備えた、堅牢で公正な権利に基づく政策を求めています。 透明性、包括性、コミュニティの参加が ADB の意思決定プロセスの指針となる必要があります。
フォーラムネットワークとその同盟諸国は、ADB総裁および事務局長への直接メッセージの中で、公共の利益と説明責任を優先するよう求めています。 ADBは影響を受けた地域社会、環境保護活動家、人権擁護活動家の呼びかけに耳を傾けなければならない。 ADB の行動は、アジアと太平洋地域の人々の命と暮らしに現実的な影響を及ぼします。 世銀が利益よりも人々を優先し、環境を守り、人権を守る時が来ています。
ADBネットワークメンバーと同盟国に関するNGOフォーラムからの引用 [Please don’t forget to put the name and the organization after the quote –
The shrinking civil society space is a recent trend in the region where Russia tries to reassert its power. The laws in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and now in Georgia undermine different freedoms and rights, including the right to freedom of association and expression, recognized and widely integrated into ADB policies and standards. It threatens ADB’s goals for 2030 for sustainable development, climate resilience, and prosperity. The laws have a chilling effect not only on media outlets and civil society organizations but also drastically worsen the investment climate, increase corruption, deteriorate governance indicators, significantly raise corruption risks, impact the sustainability of investments, and corrode business. Therefore, the response from ADB should be systemic to halt or reduce its impacts to ensure meaningful participation, freedom of assembly, and expression. For example, as the public sector in Georgia is a large recipient of ADB funds, the Bank should suspend all new funding to the public sector until the decision to pass the draft law is overturned, as it increases the risk of projects failing to meet performance standards by limiting opportunities for meaningful stakeholder participation.
– Manana Kochladze, CEE Bankwatch
At the 57th ADB Annual Meeting, we are still seeking environmental and social justice for the Tanahu Hydro Project Affected Indigenous Magar Communities, who have been pursuing justice since 2019 through the dispute resolution process with no avail. Civil society groups from Manipur are left vulnerable with no assurances that raising concerns about the Imphal road project will not lead to backlash and risk of harm. The ADB’s failed delivery of the SPS 2009 remains a reality in 2024, and we are witnessing a rush to change the architecture of the policy instead of addressing the bank’s implementation failures of the SPS. Our analysis of this ESF W paper reveals a policy that seeks to dilute binding regulations from the SPS 2009 standards through the Mitigation Hierarchy approach, allowing borrowers to bypass EIAs and SIAs prior to board approval for high and medium-risk projects. This places the environment and local communities at direct risk from all ADB project operations. The ADB’s new Gender-blind ESF, in our assessment, actually does an excellent job in safeguarding, especially ADB Bank Officials and its borrowers, just not the people or the planet.
– Rayyan Hassan, NGO Forum on ADB
In good faith we have invested two years in the ESF Consultations with the ADB’s Office of Safeguards (OSFG), but the opacity regarding the integration of CSO inputs and demands into the resulting draft policy paper is disappointing, also alarming. Despite our persistent engagement and sincere detailed input, the absence of a disclosed matrix leaves us in the dark, as to which of our comments have been considered and which have been disregarded and why! What little faith we may have liked to repose in the ADB has been lost with this lack of transparency regarding the exclusion of our inputs throughout the Phase 2 Consultation process.
Most importantly, for the communities we represent, the ESF’s vision fails to commit to the fundamental principle of doing ‘No Harm’ through ADB operations. This is a shocking disregard for the very purpose of environmental and social safeguarding right from the inception of the draft ESF W paper. It underscores the extent to which our concerns and recommendations have been blatantly ignored.
– Vidya Dinker, Growthwatch, India
ADB’s continued financing of fossil gas and large hydropower projects contradicts the global shift towards renewable energy. LNG-based power plants, despite being ten times more expensive than renewables in many Asian countries, still receive ADB funding. We demand a decisive stance: ADB must exit gas and revise its Energy Policy to prioritize a green transition devoid of fossil fuels and environmentally destructive projects. Liquid hydrogen, CCS, and Waste-to-Energy technologies, also receiving ADB financing, have proven costly and ineffective in reducing carbon emissions. It’s time for ADB to redirect public funds towards genuine solutions for a sustainable future.
- Hasan Mehedi, CLEAN (Coastal Livelihood and Environmental Action Network)
This draft safeguards policy does little to rectify the black hole that is ADB’s financial intermediary lending. Communities harmed by ADB investments have a right to seek remedy, but there can be no accountability if we can’t see where the money is really coming from. The Bank’s safeguards for intermediary lending need drastic improvement, to ensure full transparency about its involvement in all projects it funds – including clear disclosure of ADB financing at project sites and in community consultations.
-Kate Geary, Co-Director, Recourse
Almost half of ADB’s projects — 46% — have triggered involuntary displacement between 2015 and 2020. This means up to 1 million people were likely driven away from their homes, communities, and livelihoods. All without adequate compensation or solid environmental and social impact assessment. For a development bank to spend public money on poverty alleviation, this is unacceptable. ADB must do better than that, and fast.
– Dr. Nora Sausmikat, Urgewald, Germany
What has been set in 2009 as a forward looking safeguard policy for people and planet is turning into an unbreakable shield of protection for industry polluters .Instead of keeping at pace with the recent amendments of these MEAs on the standards and targets to curb the most harmful pollutants to guide the Bank and its borrowers, the draft ESF has omitted previous references to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and their Disposal. Moreover, it also has ignored the Minamata Convention that governs mercury which is a known byproduct of incinerator processes and ongoing talks for a Global Plastics Treaty. Instead of aligning with international law, the Bank relies on non-existent country mechanisms and capacities to govern pollution and offers pathways for continued pollution for industries through offsetting mechanisms The Bank’s adherence to just transition remains empty as well as the draft remains mum to the rights of informal workers in which developing countries rely tremendously for managing waste resources. The draft is regressive at every level in protecting the environment and preventing pollution.
- Mayang Azurn, Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives, Asia Pacific
For media inquiries, please contact:
Dennis Paule
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ジェン・デリーロ
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**ADB に関する NGO フォーラムは、アジア開発銀行 (ADB) とアジアインフラ投資銀行 (AIIB) のプロジェクト、プログラム、政策を監視してきたアジア主導の市民社会組織 (CSO) のネットワークです。
詳細については、次のサイトをご覧ください。 https://www.forum-adb.org/
#ジョージア州の民間宇宙危機の中NGOフォーラムネットワークとその同盟者がアジア開発銀行に説明責任を要求